The ECF composition is therefore crucial for their normal functions, and is maintained by a number of homeostatic mechanisms involving negative feedback. The extracellular fluid, in particular the interstitial fluid, constitutes the body's internal environment that bathes all of the cells in the body. The ECF can also be seen as having two components – plasma and lymph as a delivery system, and interstitial fluid for water and solute exchange with the cells. The remaining small portion of the ECF includes the transcellular fluid (about 2.5%). Lymph makes up a small percentage of the interstitial fluid. Plasma and interstitial fluid are the two components that make up at least 97% of the ECF. The main component of the extracellular fluid is the interstitial fluid that surrounds cells.Įxtracellular fluid is the internal environment of all multicellular animals, and in those animals with a blood circulatory system, a proportion of this fluid is blood plasma. Extracellular fluid makes up about one-third of body fluid, the remaining two-thirds is intracellular fluid within cells. Total body water in healthy adults is about 60% (range 45 to 75%) of total body weight women and the obese typically have a lower percentage than lean men. In cell biology, extracellular fluid ( ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells of any multicellular organism. Syphilis, cryptococcosis, and tuberculosis are much more common in patients who have AIDS than in the general population.The distribution of the total body water in mammals between the intracellular compartment and the extracellular compartment, which is, in turn, subdivided into interstitial fluid and smaller components, such as the blood plasma, the cerebrospinal fluid and lymph Tuberculous meningitis may sometimes be diagnosed with Ziehl-Neelsen stains, but more often this is done with cultures. Cryptococcal infection of the CSF may be demonstrated by India ink preparations, or by latex agglutination tests. Syphilitic meningitis is usually diagnosed with serological tests for the disease, such as the venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test, the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, or the fluorescent treponemal antibody test. Meningococci, streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, and gram-negative bacilli are recovered from the CSF only in cases of meningitis. Malignant cells in the CSF, demonstrated after centrifugation or filtering, are hallmarks of carcinomatous meningitis. The concentration of glucose in the CSF rises in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and drops precipitously in meningitis, sarcoidosis, and some other illnesses. Many conditions may cause increases in CSF total protein: infections, such as acute or chronic meningitis multiple sclerosis (when oligoclonal protein bands are present) Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic medical conditions like cirrhosis and hypothyroidism (when diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia is present). Centrifugation of the fluid can distinguish between these two sources of blood in the spinal fluid: the supernatant is usually stained yellow (xanthochromic) only when there has been a recent subarachnoid hemorrhage. Turbidity suggests an excessively high number of cells in the fluid, typically white blood cells in infections such as meningitis or red blood cells in intracerebral hemorrhage.ĬSF may appear red following a recent subarachnoid hemorrhage or when the lumbar puncture that obtained the CSF caused traumatic injury to the dura that surround the fluid. Its concentration and alkaline reserve are similar to those of blood. Its pH, which is rarely measured clinically, is slightly more acidic than the pH of blood. On average, the total protein is about 15 to 50 mg/dL, and the concentration of glucose is about two thirds the concentration of glucose in the patient's serum. The initial pressure of spinal fluid in a side-lying adult is about 100 to 180 mm of water. #BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS TRANSCELLULAR FREE#The fluid is normally watery, clear, colorless, and almost entirely free of cells. FLOW OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID THROUGH THE BRAIN AND SPINAL COLUMN Formation, circulation, and reabsorption of CSF
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |